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C Low level functions for morphisms

C.1 Field reduction and vector spaces

C.1-1 ShrinkVec

Returns: a vector

The argument f2 is a subfield of f1 and v is vector in a vector space V over f2. The second flavour Returns return the vector of length d/t, where d=dim(V), and t=[f1:f2]. The first flavour uses the natural basis Basis(AsVectorSpace(f2,f1)). It is not checked whether f2 is a subfield of f1, but it is checked whether the length of v is a multiple of the degree of the field extension.

C.1-2 ShrinkMat

Returns: a matrix

Let K be the field GF(q) and let L be the field GF(q^t). Assume that B is a basis for L as K vector space. Let A=(a_ij ) be a matrix over L. The result of BlownUpMat(B,A) is the matrix M=(m_ij ), where each entry a=a_ij is replaced by the t × t matrix M_a, representing the linear map x ↦ ax with respect to the basis B. This means that if B={b₁,b₂,...,b_t}, then row j is the row of the t coefficients of ab_j with respect to the basis B. The operation ShrinkMat implements the converse of BlownUpMat. It is checked if the input is a blown up matrix as follows. Let A be a tm × tn matrix. For each t × t block, say M, we need to check that the set {b_i^-1∑₁^tm_ijb_j: i ∈ {1,...,t}}. has size one, since the unique element in that case is the element a ∈ L represented as a linear map by M with respect to the basis B.

The first flavour of this operation requires a given basis as first argument. The second flavour requires a field f1 and a subfield f2 as first two arguments and calls the first flavour with Basis(AsVectorSpace(f2,f1)) as basis. It is not checked whether f2 is a subfield of f1.

C.1-3 BlownUpProjectiveSpace

Returns: a projective space

Let basis be a basis of the field GF(q^t) that is an extension of the base field of the r-1 dimensional projective space pg1. This operation returns the rt-1 dimensional projective space over GF(q). The basis itself is only used to determine the field GF(q^t).

C.1-4 BlownUpProjectiveSpaceBySubfield

Returns: a projective space

Blows up a projective space pg with respect to the standard basis of the base field of pg over the subfield.

C.1-5 BlownUpSubspaceOfProjectiveSpace

Returns: a subspace of a projective space

The first flavour blows up a subspace of a projective space with respect to the basis using field reduction and returns a subspace of the projective space obtained from blowing up the ambient projective space of subspace with respect to basis using field reduction. This operation relies on BlownUpMat.

C.1-6 BlownUpSubspaceOfProjectiveSpaceBySubfield

Returns: a subspace of a projective space

Blows up a subspace of a projective space with respect to the standard basis of the base field of subspace over the subfield, using field reduction and returns it a subspace of the projective space obtained from blowing up the ambient projective space of subspace over the subfield.

C.1-7 IsDesarguesianSpreadElement

Returns: true or false

Checks wether the subspace is a subspace which is obtained from a blowing up a projective point using field reduction with respect to basis.

C.2 Field reduction and forms

The embedding of polar spaces by field reduction is explained in detail in Section 10.5-3, and relies on the following three operations.

C.2-1 QuadraticFormFieldReduction

Returns: a quadratic form

Let f be quadratic form determining a polar space over the field L This operation returns the quadratic form T_α • f • Φ ^-1 over a subfield K of L, as explained in Section 10.5-3.

C.2-2 BilinearFormFieldReduction

Returns: a bilinear form

Let f be bilinear form determining a polar space over the field L This operation returns the bilinear form T_α • f • Φ ^-1 over a subfield K of L, as explained in Section 10.5-3.

C.2-3 HermitianFormFieldReduction

Returns: a hermitian form

Let f be bilinear form determining a polar space over the field L This operation returns the hermitian form T_α • f • Φ ^-1 over a subfield K of L, as explained in Section 10.5-3.

C.3 Low level functions

C.3-1 PluckerCoordinates

The first operation can also take a matrix representing a line of PG(3,q) as argument. No checks are performed in this case. It returns the plucker coordinates of the argument as list of finite field elements. The second operation is the inverse of the first. No check is performed whether the argument represents a point of the correct hyperbolic quadric. Both operations are to be used internally only.

C.3-2 IsomorphismPolarSpacesProjectionFromNucleus

This operation returns the isomorphism between a parabolic quadric and a symplectic polar space. Although it is checked whether the base field and rank of both polar spaces are equal, this operation is meant for internal use only. This operation is called by the operation IsomorphismPolarSpaces.

C.3-3 IsomorphismPolarSpacesNC

IsomorphismPolarSpacesNC is the version of IsomorphismPolarSpaces where no checks are built in, and which is only applicable when the two polar spaces are equivalent. As no checks are built in, this operation is to be used internally only.

C.3-4 NaturalEmbeddingBySubspaceNC

The operation NaturalEmbeddingBySubspaceNC is the ``no check'' version of NaturalEmbeddingBySubspace.

C.3-5 NaturalProjectionBySubspaceNC

The operation NaturalEmbeddingBySubspaceNC is the ``no check'' version of NaturalEmbeddingBySubspace.

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